Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: LST1
Cytogenetic location: 6p21.33 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38) : 6:31,586,277-31,588,909 (from NCBI)
Holzinger et al. (1995) isolated a full-length cDNA clone for LST1, the human equivalent of the mouse B144 sequence. LST1 encodes interferon-gamma (IFNG; 147570)-inducible 800-nucleotide transcripts that are present in lymphoid tissues, T-cells, macrophages, and histiocyte cell lines. The cDNA contains 3 long open reading frames (ORFs), with the most likely ORF encoding a transmembrane protein. The authors suggested that LST1 may have a role in immune response.
Rollinger-Holzinger et al. (2000) identified 7 novel LST1 splice variants in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bringing to 14 the total number of LST1 variants identified in various cell types. These variants, designated LST1A through LST1N, encode both transmembrane and soluble proteins.
Rollinger-Holzinger et al. (2000) found that expression of the transmembrane LST1C variant caused profound inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Expression of the transmembrane variant LST1A, which shares no N-terminal amino acid identity with LST1C, caused weaker but similar inhibition.
Using RT-PCR analysis, Mulcahy et al. (2006) detected significantly increased expression of LST1 in blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 180300) patients and of NCR3 (611550) in blood and synovium of RA patients compared with controls. The increased LST1 and NCR3 expression was independent of any increase in inflammatory cells. Both genes were also significantly upregulated in response to lipopolysaccharide, IFNG, and bacterial infection. Mulcahy et al. (2006) concluded that LST1 and NCR3 are involved in infection, autoimmune-related inflammation, and dendritic cell/NK cell-associated functions.
Rollinger-Holzinger et al. (2000) determined that the LST1 gene contains 5 alternative noncoding first exons, followed by 4 coding exons, the last 3 of which are alternatively spliced.
The class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is located between the telomeric class I and the centromeric class II gene families on 6p. The tumor necrosis factor region is located in the telomeric part of this central MHC. It comprises the genes TNFA (191160), TNFB (153440), and lymphotoxin-beta (LTB; 600978). Holzinger et al. (1995) reported that the LST1 gene is located about 4 kb upstream of the LTB gene.
In the mouse H-2 complex, the B144 gene, which is transcribed specifically in B cells and macrophages, is located 10 kb downstream from the TNFA gene (Tsuge et al., 1987). Spies et al. (1989) found the human B144 homolog in a corresponding position within a cosmid clone by DNA blot hybridization with a mouse cDNA probe.
Nalabolu et al. (1996) showed that the human homolog of B144 maps within a 200-kb region of 6p21.3 spanning the TNFA and TNFB cluster. The gene is located between a cytokeratin pseudogene and 1C7 (NCR3), which is preferentially expressed in spleen.
Holzinger, I., de Baey, A., Messer, G., Kick, G., Zwierzina, H., Weiss, E. H. Cloning and genomic characterization of LST1: a new gene in the human TNF region. Immunogenetics 42: 315-322, 1995. [PubMed: 7590964] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00179392]
Mulcahy, H., O'Rourke, K. P., Adams, C., Molloy, M. G., O'Gara, F. LST1 and NCR3 expression in autoimmune inflammation and in response to IFN-gamma, LPS and microbial infection. Immunogenetics 57: 893-903, 2006. [PubMed: 16362817] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-005-0057-2]
Nalabolu, S. R., Shukla, H., Nallur, G., Parimoo, S., Weissman, S. M. Genes in a 220-kb region spanning the TNF cluster in human MHC. Genomics 31: 215-222, 1996. [PubMed: 8824804] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1996.0034]
Rollinger-Holzinger, I., Eibl, B., Pauly, M., Griesser, U., Hentges, F., Auer, B., Pall, G., Schratzberger, P., Niederwieser, D., Weiss, E. H., Zwierzina, H. LST1: a gene with extensive alternative splicing and immunomodulatory function. J. Immun. 164: 3169-3176, 2000. [PubMed: 10706707] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.164.6.3169]
Spies, T., Blanck, G., Bresnahan, M., Sands, J., Strominger, J. L. A new cluster of genes within the human major histocompatibility complex. Science 243: 214-217, 1989. [PubMed: 2911734] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2911734]
Tsuge, I., Shen, F.-W., Steinmetz, M., Boyse, E. A. A gene in the H-2S:H-2D interval of the major histocompatibility complex which is transcribed in B cells and macrophages. Immunogenetics 26: 378-380, 1987. [PubMed: 3117682] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00343709]